Human organoids mimic the physiology and tissue architecture of organs and are of great significance for promoting the study of human diseases. Traditionally, organoid cultures rely predominantly on animal or tumor‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in poor reproducibility. This limits their utility in for large‐scale drug screening and application for regenerative medicine. Recently, synthetic polymeric hydrogels, with high biocompatibility and biodegradability, stability, uniformity of compositions, and high throughput properties, have emerged as potential materials for achieving 3D architectures for organoid cultures. Compared to conventional animal or tumor‐derived organoids, these newly engineered hydrogel‐based organoids more closely resemble human organs, as they are able to mimic native structural and functional properties observed in‐situ. In this review, recent developments in hydrogel‐based organoid culture will be summarized, emergent hydrogel technology will be highlighted, and future challenges in applying them to organoid culture will be discussed.